Actinomycosis
A bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces israelii or Arachnia propionica, bacteria normally present in the mouth and tonsils that can cause infection when introduced into broken tissue. It's possible to transmit the bacteria via a human'bite.
Abdominal actinomycosis usually follows an acute inflammatory process in the stomach or intestines such as appendicitis. Generalized actinomycosis may involve the skin, brain, liver, and urogenital system. A pelvic form of abdominal actinomycosis may occur with the use of an intrauterine contraceptive device.
Symptoms. The most common form of the disease affects the mouth and jaw, causing a painful swelling. Small openings later develop on the skin of the face, discharging pus and characteristic yellow granules. Poor oral hygiene may contribute to this particular manifestation.
Diagnosis. A diagnosis is usually confirmed by the presence of the microorganism.
Treatment. All forms of the disease can be treated with penicillin, which is usually successful, although treatment may be needed for several months in severe infections. Penicillin is the drug of choice, but other antibiotics are also effective. Adequate surgical drainage is important, together with bed rest and proper diet.
